A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation were observed only after the astrocytes were exposed to modulated EMF for 20min, perhaps as a result of hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors. 2005;130:591600. Abnormality of synaptic vesicular associated proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampus after microwave exposure. [59] exposed Wistar albino pregnant rats to a 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2h/d throughout the gestation period and found that the neurodevelopment, cerebral stress equilibrium and cholinesterase activity of the offspring were affected. It addresses the impact on developing head and brain tumours, other morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of RF and microwave radiation. Terms and Conditions, It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Motawi et al. This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report assessing the clinical effects of daily exposure to mobile phones in general populations. In 57% of military devices, Polish soldiers work in occupational protection zones. Bioelectromagnetics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. Phot J. Medical and biological aspects of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields and radiation on human health . After studying these effects, Hertel concluded that microwaving food leads to food degeneration. 1997;44:99104. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking -synuclein. fMicrowave Radiation Comes From Many Sources, Including: Cell phones. However, it concurrently also declared that the carcinogenic potential of mobile communications equipment was limited to glioma [4]. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. The role of microRNAs in cancer. Clinics. Preece A, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, et al. Then that poisonous acid harms the kidneys and nervous system. BOOTP and DHCP.ppt anik301. . Int J Radiat Biol. Int J Occup Environ Health. Curr Opin Neurobiol. After 28days, the levels of Glu and Tau in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were lower, indicating that the cognitive damage induced by microwave radiation is associated with a decrease in Glu [66, 67]. Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. Exp Neurobiol. PDF Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health: A Review of Sources and Effects Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. Biomed Environ Sci. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. SAR Value There are guidelines internationally for short term exposure to cell phone frequency microwaves, defined in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to radio frequency radiation. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? Dasdag et al. 2012;31:6774. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. Google Scholar. Harris KM. EEG is often used as a tool to diagnose Alzheimers disease [48]. Calabr E, Condello S, Curr M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magaz S, et al. 2013;73:4737. Baer C, Claus R, Plass C. Genome-wide epigenetic regulation of miRNAs in cancer. CAS Google Scholar. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. Google Scholar. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. The fields had an average power density of 0, 5, 10 or 50mW/cm2. Toxicol Sci. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. One of the bad impacts a microwave has on humans, is that some of the acids in the food people put in the microwave, gets transformed into a type of acid which turns poisonous. Wang L, Li X, Peng R, Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang S, et al. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China, You can also search for this author in radiations. Dasdag S, Balci K, Ayyildiz M, Celik M, Tekes S, Kaplan A. 2005;161:3314. Positive results were obtained in Morris water maze tests that demonstrated that microwaves influenced learning and memory in rats. Google Scholar. The article's subject is the investigation of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the microwave frequency band in a typical human living environment, especially in shielded areas. Szmigielski S. Cancer morbidity in subjects occupationally exposed to high frequency (radiofrequency and microwave) electromagnetic radiation. PubMed Central 1975;148:1723. volume4, Articlenumber:29 (2017) They found that escape times were substantially decreased when the animals were trained while exposed to the phone. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings . Vorobyov V, Janac B, Pesic V, Prolic Z. Brain cancer with induction periods of less than 10 years in young military radar workers. Smythe JW, Costall B. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. EEG data reflect the functional state of the brain by enlarging the autologous weak bioelectricity recorded by the EEG-recording instrument [47]. Wang et al. A large amount of heat can be generated to caused severe damage to the body. Effects of fetal microwave radiation exposure on offspring behavior in mice. Merola P, Marino C, Lovisolo G, Pinto R, Laconi C, Negroni A. Wang et al. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2009;64:2314. Springer Nature. Koch C, Zador A. Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Steding-Jessen M, Schz J. A metabolomic approach to screening urinary metabolites upon microwave exposure in monkeys. [97] found that long-term exposure to 900MHz radiation decreased the level of rno-miR107and that the whole body (rms) SAR value was 0.0369W/kg, bridging the gap in the interaction between radio frequency radiation (FR) and miRNAs. Standard devices used by military personnel that may pose electromagnetic hazards include radars and missile systems. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. [83] found that long-term exposure to microwave radiation (typical mobile phone, at an SAR level range of 0.170.37W/kg for 3h daily for 8months, or wireless digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone (DECT) base at an SAR level range of 0.0120.028W/kg for 8h/d for 8months) induced the synthesis of 143 proteins, including some neuronal function-associated proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glial maturation factor (GMF), apolipo protein E, heat-shock protein, cytoskeletal proteins and some proteins that are associated with metabolism in the brain. 2014;90:2935. Bioelectromagnetics. Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields. 1993;13:41322. 1996;180:917. Mol Brain Res. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. Biochemical modifications and neuronal damage in brain of young and adult rats after long-term exposure to mobile phone radiations. More than 50% of miRNAs are found in cancer-associated regions of the genome or in fragile sites, suggesting that miRNAs also play important roles in the pathogenesis of neoplasias [96]. The Dangers of Microwaves and Their Effects on Food - Natural Society 2004;155:3743. Biol Chem. [64] exposed cultured rat hippocampal neurons to GSM 1800MHz microwaves (SAR, 2.4W/kg) and observed a selective decrease in the amplitude of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid (AMPA) miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). 1994;15:95104. Bioelectromagnetics. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. However, with its popularization, increasing attention has been paid to its influence on humans. 2009;72:20514. Neuroreport. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions that extend from dendritic shafts, are also cellular compartments containing signaling molecules that are important for synaptic transmission and plasticity [88,89,90,91]. Perentos A, Cuesta-Soto F, Canciamilla A, Vidal B, Pierno L, Losilla NS, et al. Using a ring resonator notch filter for optical carrier reduction and modulation depth enhancement in radio-over-fiber links. Electromagn Biol Med. Subsequently, significantly more DNA damage was observed in the exposed groups than in the sham group, and their study also indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation caused DNA damage in response to low-intensity microwave exposure. Alterations of cognitive function and 5-HT system in rats after long term microwave exposure. 2015;28:1324. 2016;53:210011. Effect of mobile radiation on health ppt . Chin J Indus Hyg. 2014;12:75. Bioelectromagnetics. 2001;93:2037. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. 2013;23:306. 2010;473:525. Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat. Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer. 2010;86:37683. It has been proposed that by enhancing the functions of acetylcholine, glucose can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in the synapse to reverse microwave-induced damage to learning and memory. Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. After exposure, the levels of 2 waves in the hypothalamus increased more than those in the cortex, leading to a significant reduction in the deviation of the two EGGs. Cull-Candy SG, Leszkiewicz DN. J Mol Neurosci. 2 Researchers have been working. 2008;22:9927. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. In summary, there is evidence that microwave radiation can lead to alterations in protein synthesis or protein modifications; however, the results are controversial. Zhang proposed that the sex-dependent relationship between microwaves and the behavior of offspring may be related to sex hormones, and female rats may be equivalently protected by reducing oxidative stress levels. Cite this article. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. Furukawa H, Singh SK, Mancusso R, Gouaux E. Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2000;11:16413. Among radar workers exposed to 1418GHz microwaves, the somatic symposium anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression were caused [19]. Jeong J. EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The induced genes encoded proteins with a variety of functions, including neurotransmitter regulation, BBB maintenance, and melatonin production. 2013;5:5500110. J Neurosci. Some studies have proposed that miRNAs play important roles in nerve regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and schizophrenia [93,94,95]. [68] radiated Wistar rats with microwaves (30mW/cm2; SAR value, 14.1W/kg), and then detected the expression of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and found that synaptophys in I and VAMP-2, which are synaptic fusion proteins, and synaptic vesicle proteins were abnormally expressed to different degrees. Damage to learning abilities and reduction of glucose utilization in the limbic system of adult rats are closely linked [109]. Acetylcholine: cognitive and brain functions. Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. Microwave radiation can cause tissue damage by inducing localized microstructural damage to proteins [86, 87]. Nicholson RM, Kusne Y, Nowak LA, LaFerla FM, Reiman EM, Valla J. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. as it have a harmful side. 2012;112:1715. 2011;35:36978. Synaptic vesicles form in different parts of neurons and contain high concentrations of substances that are transferred from the neuron. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Int J Radiat Biol. Neuroreport. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. After exposure to microwave radiation, during synaptic structural plasticity, presynaptic vesicles accumulate or empty, mitochondria are damaged, postsynaptic membranes are perforated, postsynaptic lengths and postsynaptic density distributions are abnormal, mossy fiber growth is inhibited during learning and memory functions, dendritic filopodial densities and activities are decreased, and there is a significant reduction of the dendritic spine density and dendritic fragment length [62]. Mortazavi et al. Mil Med Sci. World J Biol Chem. 2011;174:211. 2014;70:84555. MicroRNAs and neurodegeneration: role and impact. Radiat Res. Biological effects of 2450 MHz microwave combined with -rays on rat cultured gliacytes. J Environ Health. Microwaving Food Leads to a Negative Impact on Human Physiology & the Heart. Mack et al. Johnson OL, Ouimet CC. In contrast, a central injection of a glucose carrier inhibitor induced injury to memories [110]. In addition, glucose is also related to cognitive functions, and reductions in the metabolism and uptake of glucose have been observed in local regions of the brain in Alzheimers patients [107, 108]. Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45 GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: influence of maternal restraint. Here's What Would Happen If Your Body Was Microwaved - Grunge.com Iran J Public Health. J Natl Cancer Inst. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. 2002;57:2702. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Article Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. In the rat hippocampus, glucose uptake plays an important role in spatial learning and memory processes. This conclusion is consistent with the results of a previously reported study that showed that short-term exposure to microwave radiation can reduce reaction times and improve cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. [103] found that microwave radiation caused DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks in vivo in populations submitted to occupational exposure, and the incidence of micronuclei in lymphocytes was significantly increased. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. Military Medical Research Resulting Effects on the Human Body. To investigate the effects of microwaves radiation on apoptotic activity, cell viability, and cell cycle progression, which can provide information about microwaves radiation effects on neural cells over the period from embryonic stages to infants. 2012;31:25074. Bioelectromagnetics. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). Lai et al. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. More data are available regarding opinions on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields [3]. [1] used 10 freely moving rats in which carbon electrodes were implanted in the cortex and dorsomedial hypothalamus. Besides, the Soviet Union banned microwaves in 1976 . The results showed that in normal EEGs, the (3.26.0Hz) and 2 (17.830.5Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the cortex, while the (6.017.8Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the hypothalamus. J Clin Oncol. Moreover, the risk of developing Alzheimers disease is 3040% lower in people who use a mobile phone for more than 10years than in other individuals [35]. Arch Environ Health. 2011;343:5224. Chizhenkova R. Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves. Among the variety of neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant endogenous amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. In the CNS, glutamic acid binds and plays physiological roles with the following two receptors: ionotropic glutamate and metabolic glutamate. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . 2012;21:6209. Dasdag et al. The SAR of the two groups were 0.303W/kg and 0.003W/kg. 1994;8:714. Wang Q, Cao Z. Researchers have also used the 12-arm maze test on rats to test spatial working ability after exposure to 2.45GHz pulse microwave radiation. Neurosci Lett. 1988;9:33745. 2006;398:2537. Behav Brain Res. PLoS One. J Med Food. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. PubMed Central Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. Mobile Effects on Human Body - slideshare.net Those who are accustomed to using their mobile phone ipsilaterally presented a probability that was twice that of people who dont [5,6,7]. [81] reported a study exploring the influence of mobile phone microwave radiation on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat brains. Many studies have been made on the biological effects of microwave radiation. Most bioassay and genotoxicity or mutation studies that have been performed in vitro have reported that exposure to microwave radiation at non-thermal levels does not have mutagenic/genotoxic/carcinogenic effects. Dasdag et al. Messier C, Durkin T, Mrabet O, Destrade C. Memory-improving action of glucose: indirect evidence for a facilitation of hippocampal acetylcholine synthesis. PDF What effects do mobile phones have on people's health? Google Scholar. [20] divided the radar workers into three sets: control group (n=68), exposure group I (n=40, exposed to 812GHz) and exposure group II (n=58, working with radar at 12.518.0GHz). CAS PPT Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Gage FH, Kelly P, Bjorklund A. Mol Neurobiol. [50] exposed Wistar rats to 2.856GHz microwaves at an average power density of 5, 10, 20 or 30mW/cm2 for 6min three times per week for up to 6weeks and found that on day 14 after irradiation, the levels of Asp and Glu were lower in the hippocampus in the group treated with 5mW/cm2 but higher in the group treated with 30mW/cm2, The levels of GABA were elevated. Qiao S, Peng R, Yan H, Gao Y, Wang C, Wang S, et al. ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one. 2014:125. The relationship between NMDA receptors and microwave induced learning and memory impairment: a long term observation on Wistar rats. Mack A, Georg T, Kreis P, Eickholt BJ. Therefore, the central nervous system is considered one of the most sensitive organs that is targeted by microwave radiation [1, 2]. [46] found that by excessively activating the NMDA receptor signaling pathway, microwaves undermine hippocampal synaptic plasticity, explaining the damage observed in learning and memory abilities in radiated rats. [78] exposed differentiated astroglial cells that were cultured for 14days in vitro to either continuous 900MHz waves or 900MHz waves modulated in amplitude at 50Hz using a sinusoidal wave form and 100% modulation index for 5, 10, or 20min. [104] found that exposure to a 1.9GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4h at 0.1, 1.0, and 10W/kg did not affect gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. 2015;91:55561. Studies have extensively explored the underlying mechanisms by which microwaves influence learning and memory functions, especially synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. 2009;63:10106. Microarray gene expression profiling of a human glioblastoma cell line exposed in vitro to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field. 1984;4:285665. Trends Neurosci. Location of gliomas in relation to mobile telephone use: a case-case and case-specular analysis. Previous studies have produced a large amount of information, and some progress has been made in theory, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully determined, and many points are still disputed. 2013;42:428. In long-term epidemiological investigations of large population with occupational exposure, the results have not been consistent. Effect of mobile-phone radiation on Human health - SlideShare Neurotoxicology. Additionally, Larjabaara et al. 2016;25:31827. PubMed Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. Finally, Hardell et al. Identification of a novel rat nr2b subunit gene promoter region variant and its association with microwave-induced neuron impairment. It has been reported that microwave radiation can induce lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and produce apoptotic signals [74, 75]. Functional plasticity is affected in other ways, including the abnormal release and uptake of brain amino acids such as choline and monoamine neurotransmitters, a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes and spikes in long-term potentiating (LTP) in the medial perforated pathway (MPP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) [27]. Raised glucose levels enhance scopolamine-induced acetylcholine overflow from the hippocampus: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. Effect of microwave electromagnetic fields on activity of energy metabolism cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. Regional changes in brain glucose metabolism reflect cognitive impairments in aged rats. To investigate whether exposure of rat brains to GMS microwaves induced DNA breaks and changes in gene expression, Belyaev et al. 2006;98:170713. The effects of microwaving a human body Lia Koltyrina/Shutterstock But there are parts of the human body that are more prone to "cooking" fast, such as the eyeballs and testes. The levels of NMDA receptor subunits were increased 1 month after irradiation. In the lower SAR group, the , 1 and 2 bands were affected in the three subjects. 2007;96:218196. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kizil G, Kizil M, Cakir DU, Yokus B. [41] exposed rats to 2.45GHz microwaves (2 pulse width, 500 pps, and SAR 0.6W/kg) for 45min and found that microwave-induced behavioral alterations measured by Lai had more to do with factors related to performance bias than to spatial working memory. Suhhova A, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J, Hinrikus H. Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure. Electromagn Biol Med. Synapse. found that long-term treatment with a low dose of microwave radiation reduced the activity and the number of excitatory synapses. Surg Neurol. This study also revealed the dose-dependent relationship of the modulated microwave effect: decreasing the SAR 100-fold reduced the associated changes in the EEG by three- to six-fold and decreased the number of affected subjects but did not completely eliminate the effects. Shahin S, Banerjee S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory. However,. How a Microwave effects the human body? by jesse aarons - Prezi It is widely accepted that protein synthesis occurs in neuronal dendrites and may be the cellular basis of learning and memory, during which local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity are closely linked to the efficiency of communication between neurons.