Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. Sanskrit Literature in the Medieval India 'Rajatharangini' review: A Sanskrit classic from Kashmir revisited in Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. Kalhana was a poet. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. The. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mughal contributions to literature and Music - KPSC Exam Free Notes Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Rajatarangini - Rajatarangini.pdf - [PDF Document] Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. Who among the following is associated with translation of Rajatarangini Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd Rajatarangini | Sanskrit, Chronicle, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica For 56 years, The Journal of Asian Studies has been In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. After ruling indirectly and directly. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Verse 14. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Gave lands to Brahmins. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. Rajatarangini . If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. After that, the English translation. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. Nephew of Didda. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. All rights reserved. Mughal Sultanate Flashcards | Quizlet However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. They cannot be abusive or personal. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. Son of Ajitapida. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Made in Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India, The Frail Hero and Virile History: Gender and the Politics of Culture in Colonial Bengal, Vernacular Histories in Late Nineteenth-Century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 17001960, The Making of an Indian Nationalist Archive: Lakshmibai, Jhansi, and 1857, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, Kings of Kashmira: A Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Jonaraja, Shrivara and of Prajyabhatta and Shuka, History of KashmiraA Contribution Towards Ancient Indian History, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib, Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, The BJP's Intellectual Agenda: Textbooks and Imagined History, A Critical Study of Indo-Persian Literature: During Sayyid and Lodi Period, 14141526, Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Pretexts and Paratexts: The Art of the Peripheral, The Question of History in Precolonial India, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context, The Hindi Public Sphere, 19201940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kasmir, The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir, Aurel Stein in Kashmir: The Sanskritist of Mohand Marg, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Gender, Society, and Polity in North India, Seventh to Twelfth Century AD, Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 16001800, Defining the Household: Some Aspects of Prescription and Practice in Early India, Turbulent Waves: Construction of Gender Relations in the, Negotiating India's Past: Essays in Memory of Partha Sarathi Gupta, History as Conceived by the Ancient Hindu and Other Nations, Ancient Indian Historiography: Sources and Interpretations, Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History, South Asia Institute, University of Texas, Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Studies of the Kashmir Council of Research. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. No examples found, consider adding one please. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Son of Sukhavarman. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Son of Sangramapida II. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. [citation needed]. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Omissions? During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Updates? In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. It does not store any personal data. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. Died young. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty.
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