In a typical lesson, an effective instructor normally uses a combination of methods. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards in actual flight. This short lecture is followed by instructor-student and student-student discussion, This method relies on discussion and the exchange of ideas. [Figure 4-14] The popularity of simulation games that provide players with complex situations and opportunities to learn have drawn educators into the gaming field as they seek interactive educational games that help students retain subject matter learning, The advantages of simulation/role-playing games come as the student learns new information, develops skills, connects and manipulates information. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. In addition, instructors should be available to summarize the presentation and answer any questions students may have regarding content, "Interactive" refers broadly to computer software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. By being a lifelong learner, the aviation professional remains current in both aviation and education. Effective use of drill and practice revolves around knowing what skill is being developed. In the second, the instructor observes the pilots' behavior during the simulation, gives feedback if necessary and evaluates their skills. The lecture method is adaptable to many different settings, including small or large groups. Communication, discussed in Chapter 3, Effective Communication, underlies people skills. Remember, a good inflight scenario is more than an hour of flight time; it is also a learning experience. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . The instructor should try to make the students feel that their ideas and active participation are wanted and needed, The instructor opens the discussion by asking one of the prepared lead-off questions. End users of the aircraft, such as the major airlines, can purchase the training materials with the aircraft in order to accomplish both initial and recurrent training of their personnel. At the same time, it must be realized that a formal lecture is still to be preferred on some subjects and occasions, such as lectures introducing new subject matter, The instructor can achieve active student participation in the informal lecture through the use of questions. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. It can be a stand-alone software program that takes a learner from lecture to exam or it can be an interactive web-based course of instruction that involves a mixture of mandatory class attendance with e-mail discussions and assignments. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. In contrast, training media are generally described as any physical means that communicates an instructional message to students. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by Comprehensive examples of the desired learning outcomes, or behaviors, should be included in the standards. The aids should be concentrated on the key points. Another important people skill used by effective instructors is to challenge students intellectually while supporting their efforts to learn. Since most aviation training is at the understanding level of learning or higher, questions should require students to grasp concepts, explain similarities and differences, and to infer cause-and-effect relationships, Planning a guided discussion is similar to planning a lecture. Once the class has mastered the ability to compute weight and balance, Bob decides to give them the following scenario with the objective of teaching them how to reconfigure weight and balance in the real world. While test preparation materials may be effective in preparing students for FAA tests, the danger is that students may learn to pass a given test, but fail to learn other critical information essential to safe piloting and maintenance practices. Visual aids must be visible to the entire class. This is necessary because it is very important that each student perform the maneuver or operation the right way the first few times to establish a good habit. Remember that during the preparation, the instructor listed some of the anticipated responses that would, if discussed by the students, indicate that they had a firm grasp of the subject. When using this method, instructors should keep their own discussion to a minimum since the goal is student participation, Instructors can also use another form of discussion, the guided discussion method, to ensure the student has correctly received and interpreted subject information, The guided discussion method relies on student possession of a level of knowledge about the topic to be discussed, either through reading prior to class or a short lecture to set up the topic to be discussed. It normally includes statements of objectives, descriptions of teaching aids, definitions of assessment criteria, and indications of desired outcome, A determination of objectives and standards is necessary before any important instruction can be presented. An effective instructor uses a combination of teaching methods as well as instructional aids to achieve this goal. Aids are often appropriate when long segments of technical description are necessary, when a point is complex and difficult to put into words, when instructors find themselves forming visual images, or when students are puzzled by an explanation or description, Aids should be simple and compatible with the learning outcomes to be achieved. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. It is also a good idea at this time to let students know whether or not questions during the lecture are welcomed. Information such as equipment, tools, reference material, and limiting parameters should be included. While there are subtle nuances to the different terms which include computer-assisted learning (CAL), computerassisted instruction (CAI), computer-based training (CBT), and computer-based instruction (CBI), this handbook will use the term "computer-assisted learning" in the following discussion, Computer-assisted learning (CAL) couples the personal computer (PC) with multimedia software to create a training device. [Figure 4-9], The lecture may be conducted in either a formal or an informal manner. Through discussion, the students develop an understanding of the subject by sharing knowledge, experiences, and backgrounds. They can explore areas that interest them and discover more about a subject on their own. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. In preparing questions, the instructor should remember that the purpose is to stimulate discussion, not merely to get answers. The instructor who requires notes should use them sparingly and unobtrusively, but at the same time should make no effort to hide them from the students. (1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or (3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. best dj pool for old school music. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. Decision-based training objectives allow for a more dynamic training environment and are ideally suited to scenario type training. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. Instructional aids can help them do this. +44 (0)7540 787812 frances@constructionandbuildingphotography.com. The instructor acts as a facilitator to encourage discussion between students, In the guided discussion, learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions. As an example, a single CD or DVD may contain all pertinent aviation regulations, plus the complete AIM. Often combined with traditional task and maneuver training within a given scenario, decision-based objectives facilitate a higher level of learning and application. As training becomes more detailed and complex, instructor-oriented materials can be a valuable instructional aid for aviation instructors. Computer-aided information is particularly useful for aviation maintenance activities. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by If the discussion has revealed that certain areas are not understood by one or more members of the group, the instructor should clarify or cover this material again, As with any training method that involves discussion, students are encouraged to listen to and learn from their instructor and/or each other. The following information provides a framework for successfully conducting the guided discussion, A guided discussion lesson is introduced in the same manner as the lecture. For example, it is better to ask "Why does an aircraft normally require a longer takeoff run at Denver than at New Orleans?" a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by; list all ssis packages in ssisdb catalog a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Charts, diagrams, and graphs are also in this category. Go back to and try again", Interactive CDs and DVDs solve one of the main problems of passive video in that it increases involvement of the student in the learning process. February 15, 2022 a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. For example, in concluding a discussion on density altitude, an instructor might give a fairly complete description of an accident which occurred due to a pilot attempting to take off in an overloaded airplane from a short runway at a high-altitude airport on a hot day, The summary should be succinct, but not incomplete. A typical system consists of a CD or DVD and a computer. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Nor do lectures easily allow an instructor to estimate student understanding of the material covered. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. Learning is best achieved if students participate actively in a friendly, relaxed atmosphere, Therefore, the use of the informal lecture is encouraged. Even airline simulator programs require tailoring and hands-on interaction with a human instructor. Learning evolves as a result of the students interactions with the game, and these games usually promote the development of critical thinking skills, Not every aviation learning objective can be delivered via this teaching method, but it should prove to be a useful tool in the instructors tool box as the number and content of educational games increase, Cooperative or group learning organizes students into small groups who can work together to maximize their own and each others learning. A relay question is asked by a learner and the instructor requests another student to respond, Questions are so much a part of teaching that they are often taken for granted. For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. Since the student must remove the position light, install a power supply, and also install the tail strobe light, he or she needs to make several decisions that effect the final weight and balance of the aircraft. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. The pilot informed the controller that he was low on fuel and needed to land as soon as possible. The desired learning outcomes should stem from the objective, Conduct adequate research to become familiar with the topic. Just as the technician uses some tools more than others, the instructor uses some methods more often than others. Instructors should avoid questions that can be answered by short factual statements or yes or no responses and ask open-ended questions that are thought provoking and require more mental activity. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by For example, major aircraft manufacturers have developed CAL programs to teach aircraft systems and maintenance procedures to their employees, reducing the amount of manpower necessary to train aircrews and maintenance technicians on the new equipment. In this case, the instructor may have little control over their use. Learning assessment is another important skill of an effective instructor. Teaching Methods - CFI Notebook To achieve desired learning outcomes through the lecture method, an instructor needs considerable skill in speaking, As indicated in chapter 2, a students rate of retention drops off significantly after the first 10-15 minutes of a lecture and improves at the end. The overhead question is directed to the entire group to stimulate thought and response from each group member. Main Menu. entry of bacteriophages and animal viruses into host cells. Professional instructors should not limit their objectives to meeting only the published requirements for pilot or AMT certification, Instructional objectives should also extend beyond those listed in official publications. If the instructor sees puzzled expressions, denoting that the students do not understand the question, it should be rephrased in a slightly different form. As sources for access to information expand, the possibilities for distance learning increases, While e-learning has many training advantages, it also has limitations which can include the lack of peer interaction and personal feedback, depending on what method of e-learning is used. robot dreams by isaac asimov answers; skycity staff intranet. The conclusion consists of the summary of the main points. The main concern is to gain the attention of everyone and concentrate on the subject. The established criteria or standards to determine whether the training has been adequate are the passing of knowledge and practical tests required by 14 CFR for the issuance of pilot certificates. Notes may be written legibly or typed, and they should be placed where they can be consulted easily, or held, if the instructor walks about the room. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. Fixed-base operators (FBOs) who offer instrument training may use personal computer based aviation training devices (PCATDs) or flight training devices (FTDs) for a portion of the instrument time a pilot needs for the instrument rating. Another example is dead reckoning, which forces pilots to be aware of there surroundings at all times. Effective instructors relate well to people. VR uses graphics with animation systems, sounds, and images to reproduce electronic versions of real-life experience. With this arrangement, each point leads logically to and serves as a reminder of the next. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. Using simulation devices, computer networks, and multimedia programs, students become more actively involved and responsible for their own training. Because the exact words to express an idea are spontaneous, the lecture is more personalized than one that is read or spoken from memory, Since the instructor talks directly to the students, their reactions can be readily observed, and adjustments can be made based on their responses. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). Effective Communication & Instructor Responsibilities - CFI Notebook First, it will familiarize flight instructors with the FITS program, including its history, objectives, methods, and future goals. This equipment is especially adapted to enlarging diagrams and small charts for display purposes. With searchand-find features incorporated, a CD or DVD is a powerful information source. If necessary, make assignments that give the students an adequate background for discussing the lesson topic. Teaching methods or training delivery methods are discussed, as well as the use of instructional aids, In education, a course of training is a complete series of studies leading to attainment of a specific goal. This concept has led to the adoption of scenario-based training (SBT) in many fields, including aviation. The software may include additional features such as image banks with full color photos and graphics, as well as questions or directions which are programmed to create interactivity for students as they progress through the course, The questions or directions are programmed using a branching technique, which provides several possible courses of action for the user to choose in order to move from one sequence to another. They also should be meaningful to the student, lead to the desired behavioral or learning objectives, and provide appropriate reinforcement. As mentioned earlier, possession of a high level of technical knowledge does not equate to the ability to teach it. They must also hold a current ATP or commercial certificate and earn a score of more than 70% on an FAA-administered flight instructor demonstrated knowledge test. There is general agreement about certain factors that seem pertinent to understanding the use of instructional aids, During the communicative process, the sensory register of the memory acts as a filter. Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. A postage stamp, typed material, textbook illustrations, or a defective spark plug are representative of the items that may be projected. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by For example, a flight instructor should not rely exclusively on a software program on traffic patterns and landings to do the ground instruction for a student pilot, then expect the student to demonstrate patterns and landings in the aircraft. The airlines, as well as aeronautical programs at some colleges and universities, have used similar facilities for many years, Another type of computer-based technology, virtual reality (VR), creates a sensory experience that allows a participant to believe and barely distinguish a virtual experience from a real one. If students wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. By using a lecture in this way, the instructor can offer students with varied backgrounds a common understanding of essential principles and facts. Thus, the student pilot exhibits knowledge of all the elements involved in a poweroff stall as listed in the PTS, As discussed in chapter 2, humans develop cognitive skills through active interaction with the world. Arrival at point B should be within 5 minutes of planned arrival time and cruise altitude should be maintained within 200 feet during the en route phase of the flight." Review and assessment are integral parts of each classroom, and/or flight lesson. How will this installation affect the weight and balance of the aircraft? As little extraneous activity as possible should be included in the demonstration if students are to clearly understand the instructor is accurately performing the actions previously explained. The first of these phases is the students performance of the physical or mental skills that have been explained and demonstrated. The rough draft should be carefully checked for technical accuracy, proper terminology, grammar, spelling, basic balance, clarity, and simplicity. Each part is required and must be stated in a way that leaves every reader with the same picture of the objective, how it is performed, and to what level of performance.
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